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A birthday tribute to JK Starley

Starley-Rover-Safety-bikeIn keeping with the theme of my post from earlier this week, I want to mention another old design that has influenced the bicycle we know today. Actually though, to say that John Kemp Starley’s mid 1880’s Rover safety bike merely influenced all of those that came after it would be a gross understatement. Unlike the ordinaries (aka high-wheelers, penny-farthings) that were popular at the time, the Rover was a rear wheel drive bicycle driven by a chain. Since the gearing was no longer determined by the diameter of the front wheel, the Rover could be adjusted to fit different sized riders. Adjustable sizing and gearing was something new, but that wasn’t the only reason that the bike completely revolutionized the industry at the end of the 19th century.

The new bikes, with similar sized wheels, were called safeties for a reason. The Wikipedia entry about penny farthings explains one of the hazards of riding one:

“An important and unfortunate attribute of the penny-farthing is that the rider sits high and nearly over the front axle. When the wheel strikes rocks and ruts, or under hard braking, the rider can be pitched forward off the bicycle head-first, called “taking a header” or simply “a header”. Headers were relatively common, and a significant hazard: riders sometimes died from headers. Riders coasting down hills often took their feet off the pedals and put them over the tops of the handlebars, so they would be pitched off feet-first instead of head-first.”

JK-Starley-CardUnlike those ordinary bikes, a term coined at the time to differentiate high wheeler bicycles from the new safeties, Starley designed the Rover to “place the rider at the proper distance from the ground…to place the seat in the right position in relation to the pedals…to place the handles in such a position in relation to the seat that the rider could exert the greatest force upon the pedals with the least amount of fatigue.”

In a lecture at the Society of Arts in London in 1898, he went on to explain more of the thinking that led to the design of the Rover:

“I had been considering what a man pedalling a bicycle could be compared to… it largely resembled walking up a ladder, but …whereas the pedals went down in the former; the man went up in the latter. I therefore had to determine where the handles should be placed to enable him to bring the whole of his weight on to the pedals…. It was … the handle-bar which compelled me to adopt the present form of machine, as I could not get it sufficiently forward by the other type. It will be seen by the position of the handle-bar on the Ordinary [high-wheeler] bicycle, that it was utterly useless and imperfect for this purpose.’

You can read more about JK Starley, and the first commercially successful safety bike that he created, in a post today at Bike Hub. Today would be his 158th birthday, so the Bike Hub piece features tributes from the world of bicycling (including a quote from me) about Mr. Starley and his contributions to the bike industry and the world.

Cycling sites and blogs are joining in the birthday celebrations today. Posts at BikeBiz, The League of American Bicyclists, and Bike World News are just a few of the ones that I have seen so far. If you are riding a bike today that is not a highwheeler (or a recumbent I guess), I encourage you to spread the word and join the online birthday tributes to the creator of the bicycle as we know it.

1884-RoverSafety-bike

 

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Two bike designers ahead of their times

I first saw the news on Bike Biz that engineer and inventor Dr. Alex Moulton passed away this week at the age of 92. For any of you who aren’t familiar with his work, Dr. Moulton pioneered the small wheel bicycle in the early 1960s with the launch of his first full suspension bicycles.  He was a true innovator who chose to look beyond the way things were traditionally done in order to create what he considered a better bike. As the Bike Biz article points out, “In the late 1950s, Dr Moulton’s design ideas were at odds with the accepted norms of the cycle industry. His development activities extended to construction methods and, whilst many of these are commonplace nowadays, the large section tube, extensive use of pressings and lugless construction of the original Moulton bicycles were revolutionary in 1962.”

In addition to the Bike Biz piece, I noticed nice tributes to Dr. Moulton at Dezeen, TreeHugger, and many other places on the web. He may be gone, but he definitely left his mark.

The Invincible by J.S. Smith. Image credit: Carlton Reid

About seventy years before Moulton debuted his first bike, J. S. Smith, proprietor of the Surrey Machinist Co. in London, created the Invincible, a clean looking bike which featured monoblades front and rear. Carlton Reid has a great piece on his “Roads Were Not Built for Cars“ blog about Smith’s late 19th century bike, which inspired later designs like the Mike Burrows designed Lotus Type 108 pursuit bike that was ridden by Chris Boardman in the 1992 Olympics (one of my personal favorite bike designs of all time).  See additional pictures of the Invincible at Carlton’s post and in his Flickr stream. Like the original Moultons, it was a beautiful bike that influenced many of the designs that we are familiar with today.

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Graeme Obree’s first test run in “the Beastie”

A few months ago, I mentioned Graeme Obree’s plan to attempt the human-powered land speed record in a machine of his own design. In September, his prone position HPV was not ready for the World Human Powered Speed Challenge at Battle Mountain, Nevada as originally planned, but Obree has continued work on the design with plans to make an attempt soon in his native Scotland.

He has been working with a team of Product Design Engineering students at the Glasgow School of Art on the development of a shell for “the Beastie” (as Obree refers to his machine), and you can see a prototype from that development in the photo at the top of this post. Last week, he did his first test run in the Beastie at Machrihanish airport in Scotland, and Camille McMillan on was there to capture the day in photos for the website Humans Invent. As you can see from the images, the weather was far from ideal, but the team pressed on…with caution. “Due to issues with visibility, Obree decided to test the usability of the bike with the fairing at a more moderate speed. The tests proved very successful and he remains upbeat despite the weather.” He also did a run without the fairing, and plans to make a few design changes before the record attempt. “The vehicle itself is good, it’s now about sorting out the perfect skin, which I’m pretty confident we can do,” he said. “The plan is to build the proper skin, which we will slightly modify in terms of headroom, and the front and tail will be shorter.”

Read more about the practice run and see many more photos from the day at Humans Invent. While you are there, check out the links at the bottom of the post to related articles, a couple of which include videos featuring the always interesting Obree. As I said in my previous post, I am a skeptical as to whether he can pull off the record, but I certainly wouldn’t count him out. Either way, his attempt should be interesting, and I will definitely be pulling for him.

Photo credits

Top image: Glasgow School of Art

All others: Camille McMillan  for Humans Invent

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2012 SRAM pART PROJECT NYC to benefit World Bicycle Relief

When I Spin, My Dress Spins Too by Ebitenyefa Baralaye

Last November, I mentioned the SRAM pART PROJECT, a unique “bike part” art exhibition and auction to raise money for World Bicycle Relief.  The inaugural 2011 project was a big success, so they are doing it again this year with almost twice as many artists participating.  The original art pieces, created with SRAM parts, will be exhibited and auctioned at the 2012 pART PROJECT charity gala, which will take place on November 29th at the Cedar Lake Theater in New York City.  Tickets to the event next week can be purchased online for $268/person (a figure that represents the cost of providing two World Bicycle Relief bicycles).

It wasn’t easy to pick only five pieces to show in this post. There are many others that I really like, but I had to draw the line somewhere.  I do encourage you to check out all of the art here though.

On the subject of World Bicycle Relief, I want to mention that there is no better time to donate to cause if you are so inclined. They have a campaign called “The Solution” running through the end of the year, and during that time your donation will be matched dollar for dollar. I personally believe that World Bicycle Relief is doing great work, and I plan to take advantage of the donation matching during this holiday campaign. I hope that many of you will consider supporting them as well.

Heart Lode by Mark Castator

Bicycle Queen by Rita Maria Schleck

Fresh Air by Alex Bogusky

Hidden Assets by Clare Murray Adams

 


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The Bicycle Art and Design of Garrett Chow

Image credit: Mike Martin via http://blog.mashsf.com

All Chips On the Table: The Bicycle Art and Design of Garrett Chow is a bike art/design exhibition which is running through the end of this month at the Rapha San Francisco Cycling Club. Core77 featured an interview today with Chow, who is the Director of Graphic Design for performance road bikes, components, and wheels at Specialized, and the co-founder of MASH. It’s a good interview, so be sure to check it out.  As an industrial designer, this was the statement that struck a chord with me:

“Graphic design does its job best when it does nothing. That is to say, design—and especially graphic design—should fall to the periphery of the viewer’s/audience’s consciousness when done well. That a bike’s color and graphics be in accord with the ID of the bike itself should similarly be of paramount concern.”

If you are in or near San Francisco, I definitely wouldn’t miss this exhibition. Luckily for those of us who can’t make it there in person though, there are many great pictures at Prolly is not Probably, MASH SF, and Bike Rumor (here and here).


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PowerPac- a pedal powered charging unit by Ideso

Just a few days ago, I mentioned bicycles being used to charge cell phones in post-storm Manhattan. That task could have been made easier for more people with a product like the PowerPac designed by Ideso, a South African product design consulting firm. The PowerPac is the “world’s first product to offer a removable power storage unit that becomes a portable charging unit for use anywhere in the home or office”, and it recently beat thousands of other international products to win the Red Dot ‘Best of the Best 2012’ Design Award.

Ideso industrial designer, Jared Vorster, receiving the red dot design award in Singapore. Photo by Alice Walsh.

Ideso founder Marc Ruwiel explains that their “aim was to create an aesthetically pleasing, user friendly and functional design that marries the fluidity of cycling with dynamic power generation. It can be used by avid cyclists who can reduce CO2 emissions and generate their own electrical power, while enjoying a good workout at home.” He points out that an average cyclist can fully charge the battery with 80 minutes of cycling. The resulting 132Wh of charge/potential energy can be stored in the battery and used to fully charge or power a smartphone, computer, tablet, camera, or even something like a power tool.

According to Ideso, “The PowerPac features two housings to contain the required components. The larger housing is split into a front and a back cover that contains the permanent magnet DC generator and the charge controller. The smaller battery housing is split into a top and a base cover and contains the 12V battery with a capacity of 11Ah, a DC to AC inverter and various energy output options: 220V AC (conventional plug), 12 DC (cigarette lighter) and 5V DC (USB).”

PowerPac human-powered portable charging unit by IDESOIt looks like a very useful product, but you can’t buy one just yet. Currently, Ideso is seeking an investment partner with a presence in the cycling industry to help develop the PowerPac and get it into production. If you know of a company that might be interested, contact Ideso through their website.

Posted in Concept, Utility.

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The Donky Bike and the Rizoma Metropolitan

I have posted a few of Ben Wilson’s pedal powered creations in the past.  His designs like the ARTIKCAR, the SeeBikeSaw, the Bike_Kar, and the Pocket Rocket 2 may have been one-off art projects, but his latest bike is a product that you can actually purchase.  The 20 inch wheel, 3-speed Donky Bike features a heavy duty steel frame with front and rear racks. Though the racks are an integrated part of the frame, they are removable for storage. According to Wilson, “In the future, Donky bike will offer further accessories which will be able to clip onto the frame.Check out the website for more information about the bike. You can also purchase one there if you are so inclined.

Another bicycle that caught my attention recently is the Metropolitan, by Italian motorcycle accessories company Rizoma. The seat tube free frame design reminds me a bit of the early monocoque Kestrels that we sold in the bike shop where I worked in college. I still have a lingering affinity for those vintage Kestrel frames, so maybe that’s why this bike intrigues me a bit. Some of the design details are pretty interesting too… particularly the handlebar/stem assembly (see detail shots of that and more here). At €3,700 though, this is definitely NOT an urban bike for the masses…and I won’t get into the sizing and step over clearance issues that this type of frame introduces. It does look nice though, as you might expect for a bike designed and manufactured in Italy, so if you have that kind of money burning a hole in your pocket…why not?


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A moment for bikes in New York

Photo credit: Photo: Clarence Eckerson, Streetsblog.org

I’ll take a break from sharing new bicycle concepts today to reflect a bit on what is happening in New York City this week. According to the NY Times, “in post-storm New York, the bike is having a moment of sorts.” In addition to reports about bicycles being the best (in some cases only) way to get around lower Manhattan and other parts of the city, there are countless other stories about bikes being used to generate power for charging cell phones and more. The Wall Street Journal even reports that a gas station owner in Brooklyn is telling his customers to use bikes during the gas shortage. So yeah, bikes seem to be having a moment… but will it last?

A recent post at Bike Hugger mentioned the industry adage that “bicycles are like the cockroaches of transportation in natural disasters.” That quote is a bit humorous at first, but it is very true. People on bicycles really can adapt very quickly to unforeseen disruptions that cripple other forms of transportation. Gas lines may be miles long, subways aren’t running everywhere, and infrastructure is damaged in places, but a person with a bike can get anywhere they need to in the city. It would seem that more people would recognize the fact that bicycles are incredibly efficient machines in times like these, but unfortunately that isn’t always the case. The truth is that many of those angry people in long gas lines are likely to continue to view cyclists as a nuisance, and knowing that they are getting around freely now will only fuel their opinion that bikes shouldn’t be on the roads. In the wake of the storm, you would think that many people would realize that the bicycle can be a simple solution to many of our country’s transportation (and health) problems, but until the average American’s attitude about driving and road use changes, that simply will not be the case.

Maybe attitudes are slowly starting to change though. New York Mayor Bloomberg is one influential person who gets it. During a ribbon cutting for a 20mph ‘slow zone’ this summer, he said “our roads are not here for automobiles. Our roads are here for people to get around.” The blog Roads Were Not Built for Cars reports that he later said at a press conference, “the streets were there to transport people. They are not for cars…Cyclists and pedestrians and bus riders are as important, if not, I would argue more important, than automobile riders.” Perhaps other Americans are starting to come around to the idea that streets are for people, not just people in cars, but I just don’t see that attitude shift in large numbers yet.

I am sure that there will be some people who ride a bike out of necessity in New York this week, and realize that it is just a better way to get around. Some of them will continue to ride a bike once things are “back to normal”, but the vast majority of people will settle back into old habits of driving (and ignoring the everyday cyclists they do see). I would love to see the bicycle’s ‘moment’ last, but it won’t be long before the streets of New York are clogged with ‘normal’ car traffic again. Change happens slowly though, so I just hope that the usefulness of the simple bicycle sticks in a few people’s minds after this latest storm becomes a distant memory. Maybe someone whose cell phone was charged at a  free bike-powered charging station in desperate times will keep that in mind when they are tempted to honk at a cyclist who they feel is slowing them down. Maybe this ‘moment’ will change a few people’s attitudes about bikes and cycling. I am not as optimistic as I would like to be, but I certainly hope it will.


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